In order to compare the response of community biomass to nutrient additions among different grassland ecosystems, the authors established nutrient addition experiments on three grassland ecosystems along the climate gradient, including meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe in Inner Mongolia. On the basis of the threeyear experiment, the impacts of different nutrients (N, P) on different nutrient gradient (N: 10, 5 and 2.5 g/m2; P: 10 g/m2) on above- and belowground biomass of these grassland ecosystems was analyzed. The results show that nitrogen leads to a significant increase in the aboveground biomass of grassland in Inner Mongolia by 27% to 53.3%, an average increase of 37.8%. In addition, the response of biomass to N addition increases with the N gradients. Belowground biomass has a less response to fertilization than aboveground biomass. There is an average of 10.2% increase in the total biomass of grassland community in response to N addition. Biomass responds to P addition less deeply than N addition. Furthermore, the response of biomass to nutrient addition varies among three grassland ecosystems. In arid desert steppe, community biomass is more sensitive to N limitation than the typical steppe and meadow steppe. N addition reduces belowground biomass and R/S ratio in meadow steppe and desert steppe, whereas promotes the values in typical steppe. In contrast, nutrient additions have relatively less and insignificant impacts on the root distribution of temperate grasses. These observations indicate that nutrient addition has different effects on community biomass under different environmental conditions, which means it is necessary to consider the changed response of different grassland ecosystems to nutrient addition in the carbon cycle models budget and grassland management.

Based on the literature, records of collected plant and interviews with old botanists, the collecting activity of Prof. Zhong Guanguang (Tsong Kuan-kuang) was investigated. He collected about 25000 plant specimens during 1905 and 1936. In memory of him, two genera, Tsoongiodendron and Tsoongia, as well as about 50 species and infraspecific taxa were named after his name. Prof. Zhong was the first botanist to collect plant specimens in a modern plant taxonomical way, and established the first herbarium (herbarium of Peking University) and modern botanic garden (Jianqiao garden) in China.